For example, 3 ms of delay is the same amount of delay as moving about 3 feet (about 1 meter) further away from your speakers. Each millisecond (1/1000th of a second) of delay is approximately equal to moving 1 foot away from a sound source. Latency is usually specified in samples in an interface’s control panel, but it may also be displayed as milliseconds inside the host program. But a larger buffer diverts the audio for a longer period of time to keep the buffer filled, which increases latency. The larger the buffer, the less likely the computer will run out of audio data when it needs it. To compensate, the computer holds some of the incoming audio samples in a buffer, which is like an audio savings account: When the computer is so busy elsewhere that it can’t deal with audio, your recording software makes a “withdrawal” from the buffer instead. Latency occurs in the conversion process from analog to digital and digital to analog, as well as in the computer itself-even the most powerful processor can only do so many millions of calculations per second, and sometimes it can’t keep up. Thunderbolt interfaces have the least latency. The interface technology you use influences latency.Avoid using them while tracking, or substitute something similar that requires less CPU power until mixdown. If possible, record CPU-heavy parts early in a project so you can use lower latency settings than if you record those parts in a project that already has a lot going on.Lower latencies give the best experience when using virtual instruments and plug-ins-use the lowest sample buffer possible, consistent with the audio not breaking up or distorting.If you find this whole subject too confusing, here’s a simple rule of thumb: Adjust the latency in your recording software’s control panel to the lowest possible setting that doesn’t affect audio quality or performance. Minimizing latency can make the difference between an enjoyable recording experience and a frustrating one, so let’s tackle this subject head-on. Explaining this requires getting a bit geeky, but latency can be a tremendous source of irritation and confusion for many people who use computers for recording.

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